Babad Tanah Leluhur: A Historical Chronicle of Java
Babad Tanah Leluhur is a Javanese historical chronicle that traces the origins and history of the Javanese people from the mythical times to the colonial era. It is one of the most important sources of Javanese history and culture, as it contains legends, genealogies, anecdotes, and historical accounts of various kingdoms and dynasties that ruled Java.
Babad Tanah Leluhur Pdf Download
The chronicle was compiled by various authors over several centuries, and there are many versions and manuscripts of it. The oldest surviving manuscript dates back to the 18th century, and it is preserved in the National Library of Indonesia. The chronicle is written in Javanese script and language, using a mixture of Old Javanese, Middle Javanese, and Modern Javanese.
The chronicle covers various topics such as the creation of the world, the origin of the Javanese people, the founding of various kingdoms such as Majapahit, Mataram, Demak, Pajang, Surakarta, Yogyakarta, and others, the wars and conflicts among them, the arrival and influence of Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Christianity, and other religions, the cultural and artistic achievements of the Javanese people, and the encounters with foreign powers such as China, India, Portugal, Spain, Netherlands, Britain, Japan, and others.
The chronicle is not a reliable source of historical facts, as it contains many errors, contradictions, exaggerations, and myths. However, it is a valuable source of historical insights, as it reflects the worldview, values, beliefs, and aspirations of the Javanese people throughout their history. It also provides a rich literary heritage that showcases the beauty and diversity of Javanese language and literature.
If you are interested in reading Babad Tanah Leluhur online or downloading it as a PDF file for free[^1^], you can visit this link: https://archive.org/details/BabadTanahLeluhur. You can also find other versions and translations of the chronicle on the same website.Some of the most famous stories and characters in Babad Tanah Leluhur are:
The story of Aji Saka, a legendary king who introduced the Javanese script and calendar to Java. He also defeated a giant snake called Dora who terrorized the island.
The story of Ken Arok, a bandit who became the founder of the Singhasari kingdom. He killed his master Tunggul Ametung and married his wife Ken Dedes, who was said to be the incarnation of a goddess.
The story of Gajah Mada, a powerful prime minister of the Majapahit empire. He vowed to unite the whole archipelago under Majapahit's rule, and he achieved his goal by defeating various kingdoms and states in the region.
The story of Raden Patah, a prince who founded the Demak kingdom. He was the son of Brawijaya, the last king of Majapahit, and a Chinese princess. He converted to Islam and spread the new faith in Java.
The story of Sultan Agung, a king of Mataram who fought against the Dutch colonialism. He expanded his kingdom to cover most of Java and parts of Sumatra. He also patronized arts and culture, and built many monuments and temples.
Babad Tanah Leluhur is not only a historical chronicle, but also a source of inspiration and pride for the Javanese people. It shows their rich and diverse history, culture, and identity. It also teaches them moral values and lessons from their ancestors. Babad Tanah Leluhur is a living tradition that continues to be read, recited, performed, and adapted by the Javanese people today. 0efd9a6b88
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RSgoldfast RuneScape: Nex’s Wrath – A Player’s Guide
In the world of RuneScape, few bosses inspire as much awe and RuneScape gold challenge as Nex, the Ancient Summoner. Introduced in the God Wars Dungeon, Nex stands as one of the most demanding endgame PvE encounters, requiring skill, preparation, and teamwork. Whether you are an aspiring soloist or a group raider, mastering Nex offers some of the best rewards and one of the most thrilling experiences in RuneScape.
This guide will walk you through everything you need to conquer Nex — from understanding her mechanics and phases to choosing the best gear, tactics, and strategies for success.
Understanding Nex: Lore and Encounter Overview
Nex is a powerful Zarosian general who commands the forces of the Zaros faction in the God Wars Dungeon. Players face Nex in a multi-phase fight inside her chamber, each phase requiring quick reflexes and strategic adaptation.
The fight involves four distinct phases, each with its own abilities and minions. Your ability to recognize and counter her moves will decide your success or failure.
Preparing for the Fight: Gear and Inventory Setup
To stand a chance against Nex’s deadly arsenal, you must enter the fight with optimal gear and supplies.
Recommended Gear
Weapon: A strong melee weapon such as the Abyssal Bludgeon or Noxious Scythe for high damage output.
Armor: High defense sets like Torva (melee) or Seasinger (magic) depending on your combat style.
Cape: Fire cape, Infernal cape, or Max cape with offensive perks.
Amulet: Amulet of Torture (melee) or Amulet of Fury.
Ring: Ring of Vigour or Berserker ring (imbued if possible).
Boots: Dragon boots or Primordial boots.
Inventory
Super combat potions or equivalent stat-boosting flasks.
Prayer renewal potions or Saradomin brews for healing.
Food like Sharks or Rocktails for sustain.
Antifire potions and stamina potions.
Weapon poison or bleed weapons to boost damage over time.
The Four Phases of Nex: Mechanics Breakdown
Phase 1: Smoke Phase
Nex summons smoke clouds that explode if you step inside them, dealing heavy damage.
Use ranged or magic attacks to hit Nex while avoiding the smoke.
She casts Smoke Tendrils — avoid the pools that damage over time.
Strategy: Stay mobile, kite her around the arena, and use abilities that allow safe damage.
Phase 2: Shadow Phase
Nex summons shadow minions that drain your stats.
She uses Shadow Tendrils — they latch onto players, requiring quick removal.
Prioritize killing minions quickly and stay aware of your stat drains.
Use Antipoison and stat-boosting prayers as necessary.
Phase 3: Blood Phase
Nex heals herself by draining blood from the arena.
She attacks with Blood Tendrils, which you must sever quickly or suffer damage.
Avoid pools of blood that can immobilize you.
Team coordination is crucial here to cut tendrils and avoid AoE damage.
Phase 4: Ice Phase
Nex freezes players in place with Ice Tendrils.
Players must quickly destroy tendrils or free frozen teammates.
Nex becomes more aggressive and uses freezing attacks.
Stay alert, use freedom or break free abilities, and focus on tendril destruction.
Combat Tips and Strategy
Prayer and Abilities
Use Protect from Melee during Nex’s melee attacks and switch to Protect from Magic or Protect from Ranged depending on the phase.
Utilize offensive prayers like Piety (melee) or Augury (magic) to increase damage.
Abilities like Debilitate reduce Nex’s damage, improving survivability.
Use Freedom or Anticipation to break free from tendrils.
Positioning
Positioning is vital to avoid smoke, shadow, blood, and ice pools.
Use safe spots to maximize damage while minimizing incoming attacks.
Always be ready to move quickly to sever tendrils or avoid AoEs.
Team Coordination
When fighting in groups, assign roles such as tendril destroyers, crowd control, and DPS.
Communicate about tendril status and health to optimize healing and focus.
Keep track of Nex’s health and prepare for phase transitions.
Rewards and Progression
Defeating Nex yields some of the most coveted loot in RuneScape, including:
Zaryte bow
Nex set pieces
Torva, Pernix, and Virtus armor parts
God Wars Dungeon unique drops
These rewards can significantly boost your combat power and allow you to tackle even tougher content.
Conclusion
Mastering Nex, the Ancient Summoner, is a milestone achievement in RuneScape. By understanding her phases, preparing the right gear, and executing careful strategies, you can overcome this formidable boss and claim its legendary rewards. Whether you choose to fight solo or with a team, Nex offers a challenging and rewarding test of your PvE skills.
Prepare well, stay focused, and RS gold face the wrath of Nex with confidence!